Report: Can we trust AI in Healthcare?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the healthcare sector. The technology has applications in diagnosing diseases, monitoring patient vitals, streamlining administrative tasks, and personalizing treatment plans. As the tech advances, a major question arises: can we trust AI in healthcare?

Understanding AI in Healthcare

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think and learn. The applications of AI in healthcare are vast and varied, thanks to technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and robotic process automation. Applications include:

• Diagnostics: AI has proven to be better at diagnosing radiology images such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans. The tech can identify patterns in the images that human eyes, assisting in early diagnosis.
• Treatment Recommendations: AI can analyze vast individual datasets, such as genetics or medical history, and use the information to devise tailored treatment plans. 
• Patient Monitoring: Wearable technology is increasingly adopting AI technology to improve the quality of data analysis on the real-time data collected. With intelligence, they can alert healthcare providers of potential health issues before they get severe.
• Administrative Tasks: AI not only automates routine administrative tasks such as bookkeeping, it can also schedule appointments, process claims, and manage patient records. It allows the healthcare providers to focus on providing better patient care.

Technological Advancements

Technological advancements have sped up the adoption of AI in healthcare. The healthcare industry has many data sets as digital files, serving as training data for AI algorithms. Growing computational power also allows for creating more sophisticated AI algorithms, leading to more efficient outcomes.

Public Perception and Trust

The use of AI in healthcare has sparked much interest from the public, who have shown a wide range of emotions. Understanding their opinion on AI is key in charting AI’s future in healthcare.

A survey by the Pew Research Center revealed that only 39% of Americans were okay with using AI technology in diagnosis and treatment. More insights from the survey revealed that 38% of Americans anticipated better patient outcomes, 33% expected worse outcomes, and 27% saw no significant difference. 

Another survey conducted by Carta Healthcare, based in California, revealed that 80% of patients had no idea whether their doctors’ were using AI. 43% of patients do not understand how AI works. Here are some more findings from the survey:

• About 49% of the respondents said they would be comfortable with their physician using AI, while 51% said no. Comfort levels went up if the technology helped improve diagnostic accuracy, and 65% of patients said they would be more comfortable if the healthcare providers explained how they use AI in medicine.
• 61% of patients trusted their healthcare providers to use AI properly. 
• 63% are concerned that increasing AI use will put their health information at risk.

Here are factors contributing to the public’s skepticism toward AI in healthcare:

• Fear of Errors: Despite AI’s potential for accuracy, the technology is not 100% knowledgeable. The knowledge gap can be the deciding factor between life and death. There is a fear of misdiagnoses and incorrect treatment recommendations due to algorithmic errors or biases.
• Lack of Understanding: AI knowledge gaps breed fear and distrust, especially when they involve complex and sensitive areas like healthcare.
• Fear of Depersonalization: Fear that AI may digitize the human touch in healthcare, making patient experiences less compassionate.
• Data Privacy Concerns: AI training requires vast amounts of data, raising fears about the privacy and security of personal health information.

The Divide Between Potential and Apprehension

As mentioned earlier, AI is advantageous on many fronts, such as accurate diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and improved administrative efficiency. However, a good percentage of the population is apprehensive about the technology. The apprehension rooted in discomfort, lack of trust, and perceived risks poses a significant challenge. The divide raises a question: how do we balance AI advancement with ethical considerations such that AI enhances healthcare quality?

The answer is a multifaceted approach from all stakeholders. This action will call for collaboration between AI developers, healthcare personnel, and the institutions/ government. That way, there will be transparency on AI usage and data privacy and security. Setting up regulations is a slow process; therefore, we can anticipate building trust with AI, a gradual process focused on ethical standards and patient-centric care.

Benefits of AI in Healthcare

1. Improved Diagnostic Accuracy

AI is improving at diagnosis thanks to technological advancements and the high digitization of healthcare data. AI is improving at diagnosing radiology images and analyzing data from wearable devices. In healthcare data analysis, AI is doing an exceptional job. For instance, Samsung is developing an AI smart ring that provides insights into your body’s vitals and sleeping patterns. 

2. Personalized Medicine

AI can tailor treatment plans for individuals when fed with their health data such as genome or medical history. Healthcare personnel must obtain informed consent from the patient before using their data. With the data, AI can provide predictive analytics information like treatment responses, allowing the most effective therapy for the patient.

IBM Watson for Oncology is a tech that has assisted in providing personalized treatment plans for cancer patients. 

3. Efficiency in Patient Care

AI can significantly improve the quality of care provided by a health facility. AI can automate takes, even those in an unstructured format. For instance, AI can draw insights from a clinician’s notes using Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology. It can automate the hospital’s triage, manage records, and schedule appointments.

4. Potential to Save Lives

The ability of AI to detect anomalies invisible to a doctor’s eye can mean one more life saved. AI’s predictive analytics can save patients from uncertain medications, forecast outbreaks, or even identify patients at risk of deteriorating health conditions.

During the Covid 19 pandemic, French researchers developed an AI-enabled voice assistant called AlloCovid. The voice assistant could guide its callers/ patients based on their symptoms and pre-existing conditions. The system was easily accessible to the older generation, who preferred telephones over mobile applications or forms.

AI has a clear use case within the healthcare sector, and in the near future, it will likely become an indispensable tool for healthcare practitioners.

Challenges and Concerns

1. Ethical Considerations and Algorithmic Bias

AI algorithms are as reliable as their training data—biased data results in algorithm bias. When the algorithms learn from historical biases, they may exacerbate existing disparities. An AI model trained with data from one region will be biased when diagnosing patients based in other areas. Such a case can raise serious ethical questions and potentially result in legal proceedings.

AI developers must avoid all forms of bias when developing the algorithms. There should also be consistent monitoring and audits that ensure the AI models remain unbiased.

2. Privacy and Data Security Concerns

AI in healthcare often involves processing large amounts of sensitive patient data; this raises significant concerns about privacy and data security, mainly how data is collected, stored, and used. Data misuse can result in losing trust in healthcare providers, so patient data must be confidential and secure.

Robust data privacy policies will play a key role in protecting patient data. It is essential, however, that the policies do not impede innovation.

3. Impact on Human Interaction

All sectors face high digitization rates due to technological advancements. In healthcare, there is a fear that patient care will lose the human touch due to over-reliance on technology. Machines cannot feel compassion; they only try to mimic the feeling, and the problem might result in a weakened patient-provider relationship.

Healthcare personnel must remain in the loop even in the face of advancing technologies. Preserving the human element fundamental to compassionate care is essential.

Building Trust in AI-Enabled Healthcare

Patients and healthcare personnel must build trust with AI to continue integrating the technology into their processes. Trust will be earned through the following means:

1. Transparency in AI Use

Healthcare facilities should adopt explainable AI. Explainable AI is a form of AI that you can query how it came up to a decision. The transparency of such AI algorithms is the first step to building trust. Transparency also entails explaining to the patient the role AI plays in patient care. 

Transparency involves patient education, obtaining informed consent, and using explainable AI models. It is the right of the patient to know how AI influences decisions about their health and the reliability and accuracy of the AI systems.

2. Educating Healthcare Professionals and the Public

AI is still a relatively new technology. Both patients and healthcare professionals should be trained or informed on how to go about AI applications and how they work. The information should also entail the risks and limitations of AI.

Ongoing development programs and tech-oriented curriculums can significantly prepare professionals to work with AI, enabling them to understand and effectively use AI tools in their practice.

Awareness campaigns can help explain the role of AI in healthcare, addressing common concerns and highlighting how AI improves care outcomes.

3. Establishing Guidelines, Regulations, and Standards

Developing and implementing comprehensive guidelines, regulations, and standards are critical for the safe and ethical use of AI in healthcare. These frameworks help ensure that AI applications in healthcare are developed and used in a manner that prioritizes patient safety, privacy, and rights.

Various professional bodies and international organizations are working to create these frameworks. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has released guidelines on the ethical use of AI in healthcare, emphasizing equity, transparency, and accountability.

Similarly, governments and regulatory agencies are beginning to draft and enact policies that govern the use of AI in healthcare, ensuring that these technologies are responsible and ethical.

Conclusion

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare is complex and multifaceted, presenting extraordinary opportunities and significant challenges. As AI continues evolving and reshaping the healthcare landscape, the path forward requires a balanced approach prioritizing transparency, education, and ethical standards. By fostering collaboration among healthcare providers, AI developers, and policymakers and engaging with the public to build trust and understanding, the healthcare sector can harness the full potential of AI. This collaborative effort will not only enhance patient care and outcomes but also ensure that the advancements in AI technology lead to a more efficient, equitable, and human-centered healthcare system. The future of AI in healthcare is not just about technological innovation; it’s about creating a system that better serves everyone, leveraging AI as a tool for good in the pursuit of health and well-being.